UFS vs. eMMC: Understanding Smartphone Storage

Your smartphone’s speed and responsiveness rely heavily on its internal storage. Two of the most widespread storage technologies are eMMC and UFS. In this blog post, I will break down what these terms mean, their differences, and why understanding them can help you make a more informed decision when buying your next device.

Understanding eMMC

eMMC stands for Embedded MultiMediaCard. Originally derived from older MMC technology, eMMC integrates flash memory and a controller into a single package that’s soldered onto a device’s circuit board

Familiar example

Think of eMMC like a single-lane road. Traffic can move efficiently in one direction at a time, but trying to handle both directions quickly leads to congestion. This is analogous to how eMMC may struggle when both reading and writing data simultaneously

How it works
  • Embedded: eMMC storage is not removable like an SD card. It’s a chip permanently soldered onto the device’s motherboard.
  • NAND Flash: At its core, eMMC uses NAND flash memory, the same type found in USB drives and SD cards. This non-volatile memory retains data even without power.
  • Integrated Controller: The key difference is that eMMC includes a dedicated controller chip. This controller handles all the low-level operations of reading, writing, and managing data stored on the flash memory.
  • Communication Interface: The eMMC chip connects to the device’s main processor through a standard interface (usually a parallel interface). This allows data transfer between the storage and the rest of the system.
  • Half-Duplex Operation: Data can only flow in one direction at a time (either read or write), creating a fundamental bottleneck and limiting eMMC’s overall speed potential
Pros
  • Affordability: eMMC is a mature technology making it a cost-effective storage solution for many devices.
  • Ubiquitous: Its wide adoption means the majority of budget and even some mid-range smartphones and tablets still utilize eMMC.
Cons
  • Speed Limitations: “Compared to newer storage technologies like UFS, eMMC has inherently slower read and write speeds.”
  • Bottlenecks: “This can make your device feel sluggish with tasks like heavy multitasking, opening large apps, or transferring lots of files.”

Understanding UFS

UFS, or Universal Flash Storage, is a significantly newer standard designed for maximum performance. It’s based on the SCSI command set (commonly used in high-performance computer storage) allowing for more efficient data management

Familiar Example

Imagine you’re a chef. An eMMC kitchen gives you one pan at a time. You can either cook the vegetables OR prepare the sauce, but not both simultaneously. A UFS kitchen provides you with multiple pans and burners, allowing you to cook efficiently and serve a dish twice as fast.

How it works
  • SCSI Architectural Model: UFS is based on the SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) architectural model, a well-established standard for connecting and transferring data between computers and storage devices. This architecture brings advanced features and greater efficiency.
  • Serial Interface: Instead of the parallel interface used by eMMC, UFS employs a high-speed serial interface called M-PHY (developed by the MIPI Alliance). This offers scalability to enable even faster performance in future device generations.
  • Multiple Lanes: The serial interface uses dedicated lanes for transmitting and receiving data. This is akin to having multiple highway lanes instead of just one. Higher versions of UFS support more lanes, leading to even greater data transfer speeds.
  • Full-Duplex Operation: Each lane in UFS can handle both reading and writing data at the same time. This simultaneous movement of data in both directions dramatically boosts throughput compared to eMMC.
  • Command Queuing: UFS features an intelligent command queuing system that allows the storage device to process multiple read and write requests in the most efficient order. This reduces wait times, maximizes speed, and further contributes to responsiveness.
Pros
  • Blazing Speed: UFS boasts drastically faster read and write speeds compared to eMMC. This results in a far snappier and smoother user experience in demanding tasks.
  • Efficient Multitasking: Thanks to its full-duplex capabilities and command queuing, UFS excels at handling multiple operations at once. This means smooth switching between apps, effortless background tasks, and responsive gaming.
  • Power Savings: While faster, UFS is surprisingly more power-efficient than eMMC, potentially improving your device’s battery life.
Cons

Higher Cost: Due to its complexity, UFS storage modules are more expensive to manufacture than eMMC, translating to a higher price tag for devices utilizing it.

Differences

FeatureeMMCUFS
SpeedSlower read/write speedsSignificantly faster read/write speeds
MultitaskingMore affordableMore expensive
Data transferHalf-duplex (reads or writes at a time)Full-duplex (reads and writes simultaneously)
Power efficiencyLess power-efficientMore power-efficient
Common useBudget and mid-range devicesFlagship and high-performance devices
As you can see, UFS offers several advantages over eMMC in terms of speed, multitasking, data transfer, and power efficiency. However, it is also more expensive. So, the best choice for you will depend on your needs and budget.

If you are a casual user who does not need the fastest speeds or the most efficient multitasking, then eMMC may be a good option for you. However, if you are a power user who demands the best performance, then UFS is the way to go.

How to Check Your Phone’s Storage Type

Knowing the storage type of a phone you’re considering can help you make a more informed decision. Here’s how to find out whether a device uses eMMC or UFS storage:

Before Purchase
  • The Manufacturer’s Website: This is your best bet. Visit the device’s official product page and look for the detailed specifications section. Storage type (eMMC or UFS) and version (e.g. UFS 3.1) should be listed.
  • Tech Review Websites and Articles: Trusted review sources often delve into the details of a device’s performance, including the type of storage. Search for reviews and comparisons of the device that might mention the storage specification.
  • Device-Specific Forums or Communities: Enthusiast forums and subreddits are where you can find in-depth technical discussions. Users within these communities frequently share insights on a device’s storage technology.
After Purchase
  • Device Settings:
    1. Go to Settings
    2. Find About Phone (this path may vary slightly amongst devices)
    3. Tap on Storage or Hardware Information. Some devices may indicate the storage type here.
  • Benchmarking Apps: Apps like AndroBench (available on Google Play) provide specific read/write speed tests. Significantly higher test results typically indicate UFS storage, while slower reads/writes suggest eMMC.

Important: Large online retailers don’t always make this specification apparent, focusing instead on storage capacity.

Conclusion

Now that you’re armed with the knowledge of eMMC and UFS, you’re better equipped to make a decision that suits your smartphone needs and budget. Remember, speed isn’t everything, but if you want the snappiest possible experience, opting for a UFS-equipped device will make a noticeable difference!